Formation of secondary electron cascades in single-crystalline plasma-deposited diamond upon exposure to femtosecond x-ray pulses

plasma-deposited diamond upon exposure to femtosecond x-ray pulses M. Gabrysch, E. Marklund, J. Hajdu, D. J. Twitchen, J. Rudati, A. M. Lindenberg, C. Caleman, R. W. Falcone, T. Tschentscher, K. Moffat, P. H. Bucksbaum, J. Als-Nielsen, A. J. Nelson, D. P. Siddons, P. J. Emma, P. Krejcik, H. Schlarb, J. Arthur, S. Brennan, J. Hastings, and J. Isberg Division of Electricity, Uppsala University, Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden ICM Molecular Biophysics, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Box 596, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA Element Six Ltd, King’s Ride Park, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 8BP, United Kingdom Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA PULSE Center, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany Consortium for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen University, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA